Biography of Alexander Blok

The latest news biography of Alexander Blok is classified as the most vivid representatives of the poetry of the Silver Age. In literature, the author is known as a symbolist taking inspiration for the ideas of Russian philosophers. The themes of the poet’s poems affect different aspects of human life, but the love lyrics prevailing in his work. He also acted as a writer, playwright, publicist.

His father was Alexander Lvovich Blok, who had German national roots, who worked as a professor at Warsaw University, and his mother was translator Alexander Andreevna Beketov, whose father acted as a rector of St. Petersburg University. Over the first wife, the mother of the future poet went out at the summer and soon after the birth of the boy decided to break off his ties with an unloved husband.

Subsequently, the poet’s parents practically did not communicate with each other. In those days, the divorces turned out to be a rarity and were condemned by society, but in the year the self -sufficient and purposeful Alexander Blok ensured that the Holy Government Synod officially divorced her marriage with Alexander Lvovich. Shortly after, the daughter of the famous Russian botanist again married already with true love-for the officer of the guard of Kublitsky-Piotuha.

Alexandra Andreevna, Alexandra Andreevna, did not change his surname to his own or intricate surname, and the future poet remained Blok. Children's years Sasha spent his grandfather's house. In the summer, he left for Shakhmatovo for a long time and through his whole life he carried warm memories of the time spent there. Moreover, Alexander Blok lived with his mother and her new husband on the outskirts of St.

Petersburg. There was an incomprehensible spiritual connection between the future poet and mother. The lady first opened a fairy tale, and then the works of Charles Baudler, Verlaine fields, Athanasius Fet and other famous authors. Alexandra Andreevna and the young heir together studied new trends in philosophy and poetry, fascinated conversations regarding the latest news of politics and culture.

Subsequently, Alexander Blok primarily read his own works and it was with her that he was looking for comfort, understanding and support. In the year, the boy began to study at the Vvedensky gymnasium. In the year, Alexander completed his studies at the gymnasium and passed entrance exams at the University of St. Petersburg, choosing jurisprudence for his career. Three years after that, he still transferred to the historical and philological department, choosing a Slavic-Russian direction for himself.

The poet completed the training at the university in the year, having received higher education. In his youth, he met with Alexei Remizov, Sergey Gorodetsky, and also became friends with Sergey Solovyov, who was his second cousin. The family of Blok, especially on the maternal line, continued the beginning of work, continued the highly cultural family, which could not but affect Alexander.

From a young age, the poet read numerous books, attended the theater circle in St. Petersburg, and also tried his hand in poetic work. The boy wrote the first straightforward works at the age of five, and, as a teenager, he enthusiastically engaged in the writing of a manuscript magazine in the company of brothers. You can talk about the full creative career of the block since - from - years.

At that time, Alexander Alexandrovich became an even more devoted admirer of the work of Athanasius Fet, as well as the lyrics of Vladimir Solovyov and even the teachings of Plato. In addition, fate brought him to Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius, in the magazine whose magazine “New Way” Blok took his first steps as a poet and criticism. At the early stage of his creative development, Alexander Alexandrovich realized that symbolism is close to him in literature.

This movement, which pierced all varieties of culture, was distinguished by innovation, the desire for experiments, a love of mystery and understatement. It is noteworthy that approximately when the block began to be published in the St. Petersburg “New Way”, his works began to print the Moscow almanac called “Northern Flowers”. A special place in the heart of Alexander Blok was occupied by a circle of young admirers and followers of Vladimir Solovyov, organized in Moscow.

The role of the peculiar leader of this circle was taken by Andrei Bely, at that time - a beginner prose writer and poet. Andrei became a close friend of Alexander Alexandrovich, and members of the literary circle were one of the most devoted and enthusiastic fans of his work. In the year in the Almanac “Northern Flowers” ​​a cycle of works of a block called “Poems about a beautiful lady” was printed.

Then the three verses of the young writer were included in the collection of works by pupils of the Imperial St. Petersburg University. In his first famous cycle, the block presents a woman as a natural source of light and purity and raises the question of how real love that brings a separate personality closer to the world. In the year, the Light was seen by the poem "Lullaby Song."The revolution - the revolutionary events in Russia became for Alexander Alexandrovich the personification of the spontaneous, disordered nature of being and significantly significantly influenced his creative views.

The beautiful lady in his thoughts and verses was replaced by images of blizzards, snowstorms and vagrancy, bold and ambiguous Faina, a snow mask and a stranger. Exemplary for this period became the works “The girl sang in the church choir”, “Rus'”. Poems about love have practically faded into the background. Drama and interaction with the theater at that time also carried away the poet.

The first play, written by Alexander Alexandrovich, was called "Balaganchik" and was compiled by Vsevolod Meyerhold at the Vera Komissarzhevskaya Theater in the year. At the end of the x, the main topic of the work of the Blok was the problem of the ratio of the people and the intelligentsia in domestic society. In the verses of this period, one can trace a vivid crisis of individualism and attempts to determine the place of the Creator in the conditions of the real world.

At the same time, Alexander Alexandrovich associated his homeland with the image of his beloved wife, which is why his patriotic poems acquired a special personality. The rejection of symbolism was difficult for the writer: this year the poet’s father died, with whom Blok maintained warm relations. Nevertheless, the impressive inheritance that Alexander Blok Sr. left his son allowed him to forget about financial difficulties and focus on creative projects.

In the same year, the poet visited Italy, and the overseas atmosphere prompted him even more to revaluation of previously prevailing values. The cycle “Italian Poems” tells about this internal struggle, as well as prosaic essays from the collection “Lightning of Art”. In the end, the bloc came to the conclusion that symbolism, as a school with strictly designated rules, has exhausted himself for him, and from now on he was necessary for self -deepening and “spiritual diet”.

Having focused on large literary works, Alexander Alexandrovich gradually began to devote less time to journalistic work and the appearance at diverse events, which were in the course of the poetic bohemia of those times. At this time, the composition of the later textbook “On the Vlizhi, about exploits, about glory” was born. Also in the year, Blok wrote "on the Kulikovo field." In the year, the author began to compose an epic poem called “Retribution”, which he was not destined to finish.

In the period from a year, Alexander Alexandrovich wrote the play “Rose and the Cross”. And in the year, Blok, taking five books with poetry as a basis, compiled collected works in three volumes, which was reprinted several times. In the year, the poet created the famous creation "I am Hamlet." The October Revolution of the Soviet government did not cause Alexander Blok such a negative attitude as many poets of the Silver Age.

At a time when Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Prishvin, Zinaida Gippius, Julius Aichenwald, Dmitry Merezhkovsky criticized the Bolsheviks who came to power, Blok agreed to cooperate with the new state leadership. The name of the poet, who by that time was quite well known to the public, was actively used by the authorities for their own purposes. Among other things, Alexander Alexandrovich was constantly appointed to his uninteresting positions in various commissions and institutions.

It was at that time that the poem “Scythians” and the famous poem “Twelve” was written. The last image - Jesus Christ, who turned out to be at the head of the procession of twelve soldiers of the Red Army - caused a real resonance in the literary world. Although now this work is considered one of the best creations from the time of the Silver Age of Russian poetry, most contemporaries of Blok spoke about the poem, especially about the image of Christ, in an extremely negative way.

Personal life personal life has occupied a special page in the poet’s biography.

At 16, on vacation in the city of Bad Nauheim, Blok selflessly fell in love with Ksenia Sadovskaya, who at that time was 37 years old. According to some assumptions, it was she who became the first lover of the poet not only in the Platonic, but also in the carnal sense. Be that as it may, a charming lady, her image, captured in the memory of Alexander, subsequently became inspiration for him when writing many works.

A year later, a new love broke out in the heart of a young poet - this time to the summer neighbor on the country's country estate Lyubov Mendeleeva. The teenagers were familiar from childhood-Blok’s grandfather, Botanist Andrei Beketov and Father Lyuba, Dmitry Mendeleev, were long-standing friends. That summer, Alexander and the daughter of the great chemist participated in the country theatrical production.

Love played the role of Ophelia, the poet appeared on the stage in the image of Gamlet. Perhaps then the first obscure feeling was born, which was already developing in St. Petersburg, where young people by the will of fate met again in the year. And soon made Mendeleeva an offer. The girl's family perceived this event favorably. In the spring of the year, the couple engaged, and in the summer the wedding of the young in the church, located in the village of Tarakanovo, passed.Soon the newlywed was faced with an unpleasant discovery: her young husband said that physical proximity would destroy their sacred alliance.

For several years, adhering to this philosophy, Alexander did not touch his wife, but did not deny himself the pleasure of meeting fallen women. The proximity between the spouses occurred later, but left the one and the other sides cold. In the early years of marriage, the beautiful lady tried to keep loyalty to her husband, but not only the soul, but also the body demanded love.

Her first fan was the popular symbolist Andrei Bely Boris Bugaev, a relationship with which lasted up to a year. Meanwhile, a new sensual relationship arose among Alexander - with actress Natalya Volokhova, later - with love Delmas. At the same time, the writer continued to consider his wife the only beloved woman in life. The author’s wife also began to start novels in which she recognized her husband, emphasizing that he was unique for her.

In the year, Mendeleeva became pregnant from actor Konstantin Davidovsky, whom she called “Page Dagobert” in memoirs. The block, which is not able to have children due to the adopted syphilis, said that he would raise a child. The born baby died shortly after the birth. Despite the numerous betrayals, the spouses nevertheless remained attached to each other until Alexander’s death.

For many years, the union of the poet and his beautiful lady delighted representatives of Russian literature of that time. In the eyes of creative bohemia, love was a model of purity, the mysterious virgin, as her husband called her. However, not everyone with such a pet was a chosen one of Alexander. Anna Akhmatova, for example, noted that Mendeleev “was like a hippo rising to his hind legs.

Eyes - clicks, nose - shoe, cheeks - pillows ... and thick, large legs and arms. " At the same time, the poetess admitted that, despite this, the author of “Twelve” all his life was able to see in his wife the girl that he had once fallen in love with. The death of the poet after the October Revolution, the life of Alexander Alexandrovich changed. Loaded by an incredible amount of responsibilities, not belonging to himself, he began to hurt a lot.

At the bloc, asthma, cardiovascular disease appeared, mental disorders began to form.