Biography A n Tolstoy

The latest news biography contemporaries called Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy “red count”, emphasizing the paradox of his biography: in M, the Bolsheviks had broken up with titles and their carriers, but Tolstoy succeeded the impossible. Childhood and youth was born a writer in January of the year in the city of Nikolaevsk of the Samara province. The child’s childhood “Count Cagliostro” and “Walking through the torment” took place on the estate of the impoverished landowner who served in the Zemstvo Directorate, Alexei Bostom on the Sosnovka farm near Samara.

The mother of the writer Alexander Leontyevna Turgeneva escaped from her husband-a wealthy Samara landowner, officer of the Life Guards of the Hussar Regiment and Count Nikolai Alexandrovich Tolstoy, being pregnant. She went to Bostom, leaving her husband three children. Biographers and contemporaries of Alexei Tolstoy called the father of the writer the landowner Bostom.

Until the age of 13, the prose writer bore his last name and considered his own father. Alexander Leontyevna did not marry Alexei Bostroma, Alexander Leontyevna: the church did not allow. Aleksey Tolstoy in childhood when Alyosha matured, his mother began 4-year-old lawsuits, wanting to return her son a count, surname and patronymic of her first husband.

The lawsuit ended with the years of Alexei Nikolaevich: in the year he became Count Tolstoy, not knowing the man whose patronymic and surname he got. Love for literature and writing instilled in Alexei Tolstoy Mom, the grandchildren of Nikolai Turgenev. Works - novels and children's books - she signed by the pseudonym Alexander Bostr. Alexey Tolstoy in his youth Initial education, the future author of the Hyperboloid Engineer Garin received at home.

But in the year the family moved to Samara, where Tolstoy became a student of a real school. In the year, the young man continued his education in St. Petersburg, entering the faculty of mechanics of the technological institute. The literature collection of verses by Tolstoy “Lyrics” was published in the year. Critics noted in the early work of summer Alexei Tolstoy the influence of Nikolai Nekrasov and Semyon Nadson: the young writer imitated the masters.

Later, Alexei Nikolaevich was ashamed of the authorship of the collection and tried not to remember the verses. Writer Alexei Tolstoy, the first story “Old Tower” appeared after a trip to the Urals, where the student was sent to practice. A month and a half, Alexei Tolstoy lived in the old Nevyansk, where he collected legends, historical information about the region and its sights, including the Nevyansk inclined tower.

In the year, Alexei Nikolaevich left the institute and devoted himself to writing. According to Tolstoy, he “attacked his subject”, prompted by the stories of his mother and relatives: it was the outgoing world of the nobility, whose representatives the writer called “the eccentrics of colorful and ridiculous”. The collection of stories and stories of the “Volga” criticism, including Maxim Gorky, accepted it benevolently, but Alexei Tolstoy remained unhappy with the result, calling himself “unequal and amateur”.

In his student years, Tolstoy, under the influence of Alexei Remizov, took up the improvement of the language. The richest material were ancient fairy tales, folklore, the works of Avvakum and judicial acts of the XVII century. Soon, the Forty Tales and the second last poetic collection “Behind the Blue Rivers” appeared. Alexey Tolstoy did not write more poems.

But stories, fairy tales, novels and novels were born in huge numbers - the writer worked without turning his hands, surprising his colleagues incredible performance. In M he wrote the novel “Two Life”, the next year the novel “Lame Barin” appeared, then the story “Behind the style” and stories. Tolstoy's plays were put in the capital's small theater. At the same time, the writer managed to attend parties, vernisages, salons and all theatrical premieres.

Alexey Tolstoy and Mikhail Sholokhov, the First World War made Alexei Tolstoy a military correspondent: he wrote front -line essays for the newspaper Russian Vedomosti, visited France and Britain. In the years, stories appeared “On the Mountain”, “Under Water”, “Beautiful Lady”. The writer also did not forget about dramaturgy - in M ​​the comedy “Blind Power” and “Killer” came out.

The revolutionary events of the October of the year, Alexei Tolstoy, took wary. In the summer, he moved his family to Odessa, fleeing the Bolsheviks. In the southern city, the story “Count Cagliostro” and the comedy “Love - Book Golden” appeared. Portrait of Alexei Tolstoy. The artist P. did not reflect on the writer's performance: Alexei Tolstoy still worked, without unbending his back.

In France, the story "Childhood of Nikita" and the first part of the trilogy "Walking in the Avation" was born. Life abroad seemed to the Russian writer dreary and uncomfortable. Accustomed to luxury and comfort, Count Tolstoy was burdened by the disorder of life. In the fall of the year, he moved his family to Berlin, where he lasted two years. The relations of Alexei Nikolaevich with the Emigrant world deteriorated.

His return caused a stormy and ambiguous reaction: the emigrant circles called the act a betrayal and showered the "Soviet count" with curses. The Bolsheviks accepted the writer with open arms: Tolstoy became the personal friend of Joseph Stalin, a regular in the Kremlin techniques, received the membership of the Academy of Sciences, elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.Aleksey Nikolaevich did not accept - he reconciled with a new system, as with inevitability.

He was given an estate in Barvikha, they gave a car with a driver. Alexei Tolstoy finalized the trilogy “Walking through the torment” and presented to small readers dozens of works. For children, he remade the fairy tale of Carlo Collodi about the adventures of Pinocchio, calling his story “Golden Key, or the adventure of Pinocchio”. Alexey Tolstoy at work in M ​​was born a story that literary critics consider the best work of Alexei Tolstoy - "The adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibicus." The writer gave the world fascinating fantastic works - the novels of “Aelita” and “Hyperboloid engineer Garin”, the utopian story “Blue Cities”.

But the readers accepted the fantastic works of the Count of the Count, and colleagues - Ivan Bunin, Korren Chukovsky, Yuri Tynyanov - skeptical. The author’s new novels were appreciated only by Maxim Gorky, who predicted the glory of novels in the genre of science fiction. In the year, Alexei Tolstoy wrote the story “Bread”, in which he spoke about the outstanding role of Stalin in the defense of Tsaritsyn during the Civil War.

But the main book that the writer worked on the last 16 years of life worked was the historical novel “Peter the Great”. After reading the work, Ivan Bunin, who did not like Tolstoy, split into praise, even stingy for compliments. But there are essays attributed to the pen of the Red Count, from which he was rejected, not wanting to recognize authorship. This is an erotic story “Bath”, which is called the first pornographic work of pre -revolutionary Russia.

But confirmation that the story was written by Alexei Tolstoy, they did not find: there were no traces of work in the letters or in the drafts of the writer. Some critics suggest that Leo Tolstoy wrote “The Bath”, but there are those who indicate Nikolai Leskov. The frame from the film “Walking through the torment” is possible that Alexei Nikolaevich was among the “suspects” due to the reasonable assumption of the authorship of another work, which also has elements of pornography.

This is the "Diary of Vyrubova", which appeared in the year - the vulgar Pasquil, presumably written by Alexei Tolstoy and Pavel Schegolev by order of the authorities in order to discredit the royal family. The works of Alexei Tolstoy are filmed. Some "lame master", "walking in flour" at the time. The writer’s personal life was called Lovelass and Bonvivan. In the life of Alexei Tolstoy there were four marriages.

The first with Julia Rozhanskaya, daughter of a college adviser. The writer met a girl in Samara, at a rehearsals of a play in an amateur theater. In the year, after the summer spent together in the country of Rozhansky, Tolstoy persuaded Julia to leave for Petersburg, where she entered the medical institute. Next year, the couple got married, and in January the year, the son, Yuri, died in his first wife officially parted in m.

The Jew Sophia accepted Orthodoxy and married Tolstoy. In the year, the daughter of Marianne was born. Alexey Tolstoy and his wife Lyudmila Krestinskaya-Barscheva soon a loving writer drew attention to the poetess Natalia Krandievskaya and left his second wife. In Molstoy and Krandievskaya got married, the marriage lasted up to a year. In August, the beautiful secretary Lyudmila Krestinskaya-Barscheva came to the house to Tolstoy.

In October, Lyudmila, who was strikingly younger than Alexei Nikolaevich, became his wife. Together they lived to the death of the writer. Doctors made death in the year to Alexei Tolstoy a terrible diagnosis: rapidly progressing lung cancer. Six months of the writer tormented hellish pain. He died in February in Moscow, not having survived to victory. In October, in the capital on Spiridonovka Street, where the writer with his wife Lyudmila lived in recent years, the museum was opened.

Quotes of Alexei Tolstoy, this world will die inevitably. Here some blackbirds live reasonably. It must be, when a person has everything - then he is truly and unhappy. From the soldiers, it was necessary to stubbornly and obediently die in those places where it was indicated on the map. People cannot be left without leaders. They are drawn to become on all fours. Here their own fought: brother at the brother, father at his son, kum on Kuma - means without fear and mercilessly.

It is necessary that the amount of gold is limited, otherwise it will lose the smell of human sweat.