Nikolai Kibalchich biography

So. Before the monument to this, at the foot, a monument was erected by the scientist and dreamer - the founder of the science of starship, K. is surprising that even earlier before Tsiolkovsky, the idea of ​​creating a missile aircraft was expressed by the People’s Revolutionary Nikolai Kibalchich. Thoughts about stars and flights into space were drawn on the walls of the prison cell, in which the revolutionary was waiting for the last verdict of the judge, and he turned out to be fateful - the death penalty.

The last word of Nikolai Kibalchich is a request for ink and paper, on which he transferred his project to a rocket conquering space open spaces. This project, at the request of the convict, was transferred to the scientist. It was unbearably difficult to pronounce the verdict to the judge, everyone understood what genius Russia was losing ... Today we recall the outstanding personality of the era of tsarist Russia, about the forgotten genial dreamer, who, by the will of fate, became a fate of the people's avenger and revolutionary.

Nikolai Kibalchich in prison artist: Yu. Over the incomplete century, humanity has passed from tests of the first aircraft arranged by the Wright brothers in North Carolin to the space era, which was marked by flights into space. At the turn of the wow and in centuries, the troubled time of great shocks, the struggle against autocracy in tsarist Russia, gave rise to not only uncompromising revolutionaries, but also talented scientists who became the discoverers and harbingers of future great accomplishments.

It was they who laid the foundation for the realization of a long -standing dream of mankind - going out into outer space. But today, not everyone knows the names of these talented people and the history of their inventions. One of these revolutionaries-scientists was Nikolai Kibalchich. He made his discoveries in unbearable conditions, which in today's realities are considered hellish.

But enthusiasm for their ideas, unshakable faith in technological progress, readiness for self -sacrifice in the name of a bright future of mankind, forever perpetuated his name in history and universal science. In Russia, serfdom was still in force, allowing people's trade, and turning the peasantry into mercilessly operated slaves - the property of the landowners.

Against the backdrop of balls, secular parties, hungry funny partying in the restaurants of aristocrats, industrialists and merchants, there was another life - dark and terrible in their hopelessness. The Russian peasants plowed "from dawn to dawn", lived in collapsing houses, did not receive full food and medical care. Artist: Yu. Lavrukhin, studio: diaphylm due to crop failures, lack of normal treatment, poor nutrition, and unsanitary conditions according to the reports of pre-revolutionary doctors until summer age lived only a quarter of village children.

Russian peasants were the most powerless and oppressed class in tsarist Russia.

Young Nikolai Kibalchich saw this injustice from birth. He grew up a quiet boy, immersed in his thoughts. The child spent most of the time in a dilapidated gazebo, located in the garden of the house, enthusiastically reading books. Nikolai Kibalchich artist: Yu. Lavrukhin, studio: diaphylm from the very childhood of Nikolai fascinated books about popular uprisings: the assault on the Bastille, the peasant and Cossack freemen Razin and Pugachev.

He dreamed of a more fair and humane society, the deliverance of peasants from oppression. Father sent Kibalchich to study in a theological seminary located in Chernigov. But the guy independently returned to the Novgorod-Sea gymnasium, which he had previously left at the insistence of the parent. According to teachers, Kibalchich was distinguished by outstanding abilities for foreign languages ​​and mathematical sciences.

But at the same time, they noted a tendency to rebellion of a young genius. In the gymnasium, at the initiative of Nikolai, students secretly organized a library from forbidden books. But, despite this, he ends the educational institution with a silver medal. In OM, Kibalchich becomes a student at the Institute of Railways located in St. Petersburg. He rightly believed that railways are the future of the new prosperous Russia.

Three years later, Kibalchich decides to become a doctor. He leaves the institute, and enters the medical and surgical academy. This educational institution was the center of "free -thinking" and progressive student movements. There, Nikolai Ivanovich finally joined the revolutionary ideas, and became one of the fighters with the autocracy. Nikolai Kibalchich with individual friends Artist: Yu.

Lavrukhin, Studio: Typilm was the time of walking to the people. The revolutionaries traveled around the villages, treated the peasants, conducted educational activities and propaganda. The tsarist government arranged a real hunt for them, arrested, sent to exile. In the summer, in Om year, Kibalchich also conducted revolutionary campaigning in the village of Zhernitsa, trying to convey to local residents the idea of ​​the struggle for their rights.

Upon returning to St. Petersburg, the young population was imprisoned after a search. The gendarmes found forbidden literature in him. A search with Nikolai Kibalchich Artist: Yu. In Om, he is released, without the right to complete education.The tsarist guard located under the strict supervision, Nikolai joins the ranks of the “Freedom or Death” organization, which is the structural cell of “Earth and Will”, and switches to an illegal position.

Kibalchich becomes the main thing in a group developing explosives. For several years, he has made hundreds of kilograms of dynamite and other explosives, each time he was at risk of exploding himself or being arrested directly in the laboratory. At the same time, Kibalchich began to study the possibility of using gunpowder in the engines of aircraft. Lavrukhin, studio: the diaphylm according to the descriptions of the people's volumes Kibalchich was a polite and modest person, medium height.

He held on coldly, spoke little, although he could arrange any interlocutor to him. But his black eyes burned with a feverish brilliance of the researcher. Next year, Nikolai is part of the Executive Committee of the "People's Will". He began to lead the underground printing house, was engaged in journalism, wrote program articles for the revolutionary movement. An unsuccessful attempt to undermine the royal train artist: Yu.

Lavrukhin, studio: diaphylm in Om year, an attempt on the autocrat of Alexander the 2nd. For this, explosives made by Nikolai Ivanovich were used. With this action, Kibalchich signed his own death sentence. After 17 days, the revolutionary was arrested. At the process, he kept confidently and calmly, tried to use the tribune of the court to announce the people's permits.

In a matter of days before the execution, Kibalchich enthusiastically drew on the tissue of the Future aircraft, a rocket capable of flying into space to distant stars on a gray -down from splashing and dampness of the prison. Nikolai Kibalchich in a prison cell artist: Yu. Lavrukhin, studio: Nicholas did not embarrass the fact that he was executed after a few days. He did not lose heart, did not cling to life, and in the last hours and days of his life he surrendered to his scientific work.

One of the last requests from the scientist was the desire to get a feather and paper in order to record his discoveries for descendants. When he set out the project of a missile engine and aircraft capable of making space flights, he asked to transfer notes to scientists. But his request remained unanswered. For many years, papers ended up in the Archive of the Tsarist Security. In his last word at the trial, Kibalchich did not ask for pardon.

On the contrary, the inventor devoted a speech to his aircraft and prospects that opens up to humanity when using it. Nikolai Kibalchich at the trial artist: Yu. Lavrukhin, Studio: Diafilm even Judge Fuchs paid tribute to the intelligence and courage of Kibalchich, noting his energy, sharp mind, amazing calm and extraordinary endurance. The words of Judge E. Fuchs about this process: “To support the prestige of Russia ....

It was not easy to do this, in the situation, when the defendants behaved independently and steadily, and representatives of the "chosen" public, expressing their loyal navigation, allowed sharp cries to the defendants. I said nothing, and thereby fell into an awkward position, that is a wonderful mind, extraordinary endurance, hellish energy and amazing calm ”Nikolai Kibalchich artist: Yu.

Lavrukhin, studio: despite this, Nikolai and his ally sentenced to death by hanging. The verdict was carried out in the morning, on April 3 of the year. And only after the time, in OM, his project of the space rocket was published in the journal "Past". Together with Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchich became one of the harbingers, a new cosmic era. It is interesting that it was Kibalchich’s brochure, who came across in the EM in the Odessa school library to a young curious guy, and completely changed his life.

The name was the boy - Sergey Korolev. After decades, he will become a designer of East-1, and will launch the first person into space on his aircraft. Kibalchich: I spoke about my actual attitude to the event on March 1 earlier. Now, using the right of the word granted to me, I will say about my moral attitude, about the logical path along which I came to well -known conclusions.

Among other socialists, I recognize the right of everyone to life, freedom, well -being and development of all moral and mental forces of human nature. From this point of view, the deprivation of a person’s life, and not with this only, but in general, from a human point of view, is a terrible thing. Mr. Prosecutor in his speech, brilliant and beautiful, said doubt about my objection, expressed earlier, which for me personally and for the party is generally desirable to terminate terrorist activities and the direction of the party’s strength exclusively to another activity; In particular, he put me and generally parties to persons preaching terror for terror, put up persons who prefer violent actions by peaceful means, only because they are violent.

What a strange, incredible love for violence and blood! My personal desire and desire of other persons, as I know, is a peaceful solution to the issue.Kibalchich: Mr. Prosecutor said that it is very important to clarify the moral personality of the defendant. I believe that what I say refers to the characterization of my moral and mental person, if I declare my opinion about well -known existing issues that now excite the whole of Russia and attract attention.

I carefully followed G.’s speech, now G. now on the question of how to achieve these sad events that are known to everyone are no longer repeated, how the right means for this is indicated not to give any messages in order to punish and punish; But, unfortunately, I cannot agree with G.