Biography Tyigyn Darkhan

Try the literature selection service. You can always turn off the advertisement. In the yakut folklore there is a cycle of legends aBout the time of the Yakut Leader Tygyn From Kanga-Lassky Clan Who Made Long Trips with the Aim of Conquearing The Other Clans. The Article Concluded that Mythical Leader of the State Lena Tygyn Is More in With Chifdom Proto-STATE in Western Science Concept.

The Extensave Historiography Analysis of the Role of the Individual Leader Tygyn in the Ancient History of the Yakut People is Given. Comparison of Folklore Materials with Witten Documents Help To Trace the Time and Conditions of Formation of the Yakut Folklore Image of the Lord. The Plots of the Yakut Legend Tygyn Are Comparable to the Role of the Legendary King Arthur in the History of Britain.

Yakutsk, st. In the Yakut folklore, there is a cycle of legends about the time of the Yakut leader of Tyigyn from the Kangalas family, who made distant campaigns in order to conquer other clans. The article concludes that the mythological state of the leader of Tyigyn in the Middle Lena is more consistent with the concept of Chifsa adopted in Western science - Providence. An extensive historiography of the analysis of the personality of the leader of Tyigyn in the ancient history of the Yakut people is given.

Comparison of folklore materials with written documents helps to trace the time and conditions of the formation of the folklore image of the Yakut Lord. The plots of the Yakut legends about the leader of Tygyn are comparable to the role of the legendary King Arthur in the history of Britain. The Yakut leadership in the image of Tygyn arose in the era of military democracy and the collapse of the tribal community, the formation of the slave-owning aristocracy.

An important conclusion was made about the formation of the image of Tygyn during the formation of the Yakut aristocracy and the spread of the Yakut clans, mostly Kangalassians in northeast of Siberia. Keywords: Publishing, Historiography, Plant Culture, Early State, History of Yakutia, Folklore, Vasily V. Myth Vasily Concluded that Mythical Leader of the State in the Middle Lena Tygyn Is Chifdom - Proto -State in Western Science Concept.

Keywords: Chiefdom, Historiography, Potestarian Culture, Earlier State, History of Yakutia, Folklore, Myth to the image of Tygyn are dedicated to a large historical literature. From the works on the topic studied, having historiographic interest, one can distinguish articles by A. Skladnikov [10; 11; 13]. With his inherent literary language and fantasy, he drew the image of the leader of the Yakut clans.

In this he was helped by a story recorded by N. Zolotareyov and not repeated in other folklore works known to us [10, p. Based on the analysis of the term, Darkhan Olokh, A. Okladnikov concluded that the existence of the power structure is almost since the “state” among the ancient Yakuts [10]. In the same position were L. Kyzlavs in Tyva and Khakassia, L.

R Potapov in the Altai mountain. In the post -Soviet time in E GG. At the same time, the “enemies” of Skladnikov pulled out of the context of individual phrases from his works, where he spoke about the regressive role of the personality of Tygyn, who resisted the progressive role of “Russian tsarism” [13]. However, it was Okladnikov that was given the image of the Yakut Tsar - Tyigyn Darkhan, who has historical roots in the Kurykan Ele state, where there were already Sygin tags [12].

Meanwhile, according to Yakut materials, it is definitely not established, Tygyn is an anthroponym or title. The correct pronunciation of this word also raises questions, in some uluses of areas it is pronounced as Dygyn, and in others Tygyn. Some researchers consider this word a title derived from the common town tagin - Prince. There is also an opinion based on folklore information and written evidence that the name of the Tynin leader Kang-lasets, who did not let the Cossacks I.

Galkin back home and “for all days” who fought with them [9, p. The double name Tygyn Darkhan, which is available in some folklore sources and in modern political culture, of course, indicates the Turkic-Mongol roots. So was the Yakut "king", did the state exist on the Middle Lena before the arrival of the Russians? Indeed, many tribes of Oceania, Africa, America, before the arrival of European colonialists, had strong “cubs”, or “prophetic” leaders of the era of military democracy.

For example, the leader Pontiac or Iroquois. Such "chattering" by some researchers are defined as "early states." Western historical science in determining the social structure of society in this regard has significantly ahead of Soviet science. If Soviet historians, guided by Marxist theory, discussed the mandatory presence of the state under a class society, then foreign researchers used another terminology.

The personality of Tyigyn, drawn by A. Okladnikov based on folklore material, is more consistent with the term chief, which is adopted in Western science.It is known that there was a general-Yakut ritual-cult center in the Kullata Valley and the venue for the general Yysiah festival in the Yus Khating area. The heads - the leaders of the communities had their army from Boturov - “Kuyazny people” - and subordinate to the Supreme Leader Tyigyn Darkhan.

Humanitarian vector. And they differ greatly among themselves. Another is the question of the existence of a tribe in a Yakut society in an era of relocation from Verkhnyaya Lena. Lindenau wrote about the existence of a special title of toy-on-uus letters. In connection with the disputes on the order of inheritance of this title from the death of Father Tygyn, a fierce struggle for power began, in which Tygyn, who killed and dispersed his brothers, took the top.

According to the version of the version, Tygyn did not have time to become Darkhan - the supreme ruler of the Yakut births because of the strife inside the ruling clan, and then the arrival of the Russians [7]. This conclusion was made exclusively on the basis of folklore sources. Information cited by Lindenau testify to the possibility of the existence of a general tribal leader in the Yakuts with the title of Darkhan.

But historical legends are a complex genre, they carry the seal of our time, that is the general tribe union by the time the Russians arrived, and Tyigyn, one of the many sons of Munnan Darkhan, defeating the internal struggle of the brothers, tried to restore its former unity [12]. Based on the Yakut legends, the numerous brothers and sons of Tygyn, suffering from his tyranny, flee to the Yakut outskirts - Vilyui, Zhigans, Kolyma, Jan [4; 14].

According to other sources, the ancestors of the Yakut clans were first one of the warriors-boils of Tygyn. Then they were forced to escape from him in the taiga areas and leave the vast valleys of Tuymaad and Erkeeni [2, p. Moreover, Tyigyn-the leader of the two hundred warriors, opposed the heroes of single-lone ones living in hunting, fishing and having one or two cows [4].

Thus, the difference is clearly visible between the large Toyon - the owner of a huge number of cattle and people and “Alas” people living in the taiga in small valleys by natural economy. But such a picture develops only as a result of the analysis of the legends about the time of Tygyn. The documents shows that Toyona - the leaders of many families, had no less people who could wear chain mail than the Kangalassian Tynina.

Therefore, in the image of the legendary Tygyn you can see the generalizing image of the Yakut Toyonat. Ksenofontov and A. Okladnikov wrote about the continuity of the power of the Yakut Tygyn from the Turkic tagins - “kings” [5; 12]. Some in this regard gives information about the flight of the last Uyghur khan Enen-Tagin [5] to the “Da-Shivans” who lived in the territory of South Yakutia [6].

Stateness appears during the collapse of the primitive communal system, with the appearance of class relations. Analysis of social relations of the Yakuts of the XVII century. In this regard, it should be said about the progressiveness of the Russian “conquest” in historically accompanied by “colonial” cruelty, characteristic of the era. The use of the term “entry” in the modern political-state language seems correct, since the Yakut “Toyins” are tribal leaders, after joining the Russian state, turned into a hereditary feudal-working aristocracy [16].

The image of Tygyn is akin to the personality of King Arthur in the history of Britain.

This mythological personality, the hero of medieval knightly novels is perceived by the modern British public as the first English king. There are serious disputes about the historicity of this legendary character. In general, the image of the King of the Britons was perceived from Roman colonists who brought statehood to the British Island. Therefore, Tygyn cannot be studied outside the context of the real historical situation in Yakutia during the origin of his folklore image.

And this is the second half of the XVII century. As a result of these historical events, the formation of a modern Yakut ethnic group took place [15]. By the beginning of the XVII century. But at the forefront of the traffic on the outskirts, there were precisely the Kangalassians, permanent instigators and participants in anti -Russian uprisings. As a result, their migration mainly led to the emergence of the “Vilyui” and “northern” group of the Yakuts.

It was they who brought the legends about Tygyn to the Yakut outskirts - the supreme leader of the whole Yakut land. The nationality appears within state education, along with the formation of the thinking of the ruling class. The Lensky “Voivodeship”, based on the remoteness of the region and financial capabilities, already at the time of P. Golovin and D. Franzbekov showed separatism in relation to Moscow.

All this could contribute to the appearance of the image of a mythological state among the indigenous population. The dream of a strong Yakut "king" - the unifier of all hostile Yakut clans, arose precisely in this period. The legendary Tyigyn smashes all left -bank and right -bank giving birth to the Kangalassians, defeats the Dupsins, Boronians, Wackers, Malzhegians [2; 12].

The leaders of the clans with whom Tyigyn competed are known to us according to the documents of the x. Beketova, I. Galkina, P.These historical circumstances imply a substitution of actions by the governor of the Lensky Territory and Cossack chieftains in folklore by the image of the Vygyn superhero, the winner of all Yakut clans. Thus, the prototype of the legendary Tygyn are not only the leaders of the Yakut clans known to us, but also the governors of the tsarist administration and famous chieftains.

Tygyn, as a legendary person, has several historical prototypes. Of course, it can be considered as a historical person. This is a historical “Tynina”, the existence of which is documented in the petition of Ivan Galkin to the Moscow Tsar [8]. Of the documents, we become known to the presence of the whole dynasty of his sons and grandchildren - “Tyninovo -Chi”.