Botkin family biography

In domestic therapeutic science, Sergey Petrovich Botkin - - the same is our “everything” as Pushkin in literature. Sergei Petrovich did a lot for health care for medical education in Russia. Among the many students were three of his sons. In the year, Russian doctors celebrated the flight since the birth of the great compatriot, and in M ​​it has been fulfilled from the day of laying the largest hospital in Moscow, named after S.

Botkin, the Department of Health of the Moscow Government, the former free Soldier's hospital. The portrait of the work of I. Kramskoy and Botkin was friends for almost a quarter of a century, the doctor treated the artist about the aortic aneurysm. Now the picture belongs to the family of an outstanding Soviet cardiologist Academician A. Monument to S. Botkin in St.

Petersburg. The sculptor is V. The last Russian Life Medik E. Botkin-Father John Kronstadt-Princess Z. Portrait of the work of V. The successful development of the trading house “Peter Botkin and Sons” was based on two innovations.

Having established the office in the town of Kyakhta, the Botkin learned to supply tea from China to Russia without intermediaries and in exchange for their own textiles. The Botkin merchant family played an exceptional role in the culture of Russia. In their Moscow mansion, a memorial plaque dedicated to Sergey Petrovich on the wall on the wall on the wall. The actors Schepkin and Mochalov often came here.

The historian Granovsky was the Botkin’s neighbor, and the poet Fet became a relative, married one of the sisters of the doctor. Sergey’s brother, Vasily Botkin, a talented thinker and publicist, who often visited Europe, met with Karl Marx and tried to convince him that the universal improvement of the life of workers should be achieved bypassing the “bloody seas”. The author of “Capital” did not defeat Vasily in the dispute, but still remained with his opinion about the need for revolutions - “locomotives” of history.

The son of one of their senior clerks Pyotr Lebedev, the first Russian physicist of the world level, also grew up in the Botkin family. He discovered the pressure of the world and in the year together with Einstein was supposed to receive the Nobel Prize, but died in the year. As a child, a great physicist was considered a mediocre teenager, like Seryozha Botkin. Seryozha was born in the year.

Father also identified him "into fools." At 9, the boy barely distinguished the letters! The parent threatened to give him to the soldiers, but the household persuaded to change his home teacher. And, as it often happens, the new teacher saw Seryozha's ability to mathematics, and he was given to one of the best boarding houses in Moscow. Sergei dreamed of a mathematical faculty of Moscow University.

But suddenly a decree of Nicholas I was published, which forbade the persons of the Novoryansky class to enter all faculties except the medical. And the “distant” young man Botkin had to go to the doctor from the memoirs of Botkin Student, it is known that at the beginning of the first year he served a day in Kartsere for the unheated button of the uniform.

That the love of medicine in this, always restrained dry young man woke up gradually. And that he had two abilities - to the percussion of tapping and auscultation of listening, with which he hit classmates. After listening and “tapping” the patient, Sergei was able to hear the formidable melody of the disease so clearly that teachers were considered with his opinion. In connection with the Crimean war in the year, the university made an accelerated release of doctors.

And Sergey, certified as a “doctor with honors”, was sent to the Bakhchisarai infirmary of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. He stayed at the front for only a few months. He served in the Pirogov detachment and was awarded to him as a gifted surgeon, with compassion for the soldiers. However, Botkin never participated in battles. This will be done by his son Eugene, who will prefer the position of a military doctor-volunteer in the Japanese war of the year.

Sergei Petrovich in the Bakhchisarai vane of the Crimean War not only showed himself as a surgeon, but also distinguished himself by ordering Pirogov, who personally participated in the “kitchen promotion”, S. Botkin was on duty in the kitchen, took meat, cereals, sealed the boilers so that the rear thieves could not drag anything from there. In a word, he selflessly defended the already meager diet of wounded soldiers.

In the year, Alexander II, who had just entered the throne, first did not pay attention to the notes telling about theft of senior officials. Hearing personally from Pirogov a story about terrifying corruption in the army, the king could not restrain tears. After the fall of Sevastopol, he went to the place of battles and personally became convinced of the veracity of the surgeon.

Historians believe that this event has become one of the "moral shocks" that forced Alexander the Liberate to begin reforms. After the end of the Crimean war, Botkin for four years has benefitedly spent several thousand rubles of father's money. He trained in Germany, Austria and France in clinics and laboratories among the most famous therapists and physiologists: Bernard, Ludwig, Traube, Bishch and others.

On this journey, he met Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, who became his friend for his life.In Vienna, fate brought Botkin with a lovely girl treated in Europe, Nastya Krylova - his first wife. After her premature death, Botkin married a second time in the nee Princess Obolenskaya. In both marriages, he was happy. In the year, the summer doctor S. Botkin became a professor at the Department of the Academic Therapeutic Clinic of the Medical and Surgical Academy of St.

Petersburg, which then led almost three decades. After 11 years, Botkin was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences. Already at that time, Sergei Petrovich’s moral qualities appeared - piercing conscientiousness, a sense of personal responsibility for which many of his contemporaries did not even pay attention to, say, to the terrible position of the poor layers. These characteristics of character have become the main internal engine of all its activities.

For example, Botkin clearly imagined the strongest lag of the Russian medical education from the Western and later did a lot to be reduced. Even in the Würzberg laboratory of the largest German pathologist Rudolf Virkhov Botkin suddenly discovered that he, a graduate of the best “medical faculty” of Russia, is barely familiar with the microscope. And for novice doctors in Europe, this was unacceptable.

As an outstanding public figure Botkin, Sergei Petrovich, was a vowel of the St. Petersburg City Duma, the chairman and a member of more than ten medical commissions, societies were highly appreciated by Saltykov-Shchedrin and Chekhov, and Nekrasov dedicated him one of the chapters of the poem “To whom to live well in Rus'”. Until the second half of the 19th century, usually a doctor in his activity went on a broken way.

Upon learning that a certain medicine helped some specific patient, the doctors then prescribed the same drug and the rest, regardless of age and many other differences. Doctors did not think then about the individual characteristics of the body, about the different course of the same disease. Botkin was one of the first proved that each patient needs to be approached individually.

In addition, he believed: in order for medical care to be meaningful and effective, the doctor should deal not only with practical, but also scientific medicine. He was the first to introduce the “clinical analysis of patients”, which became a school of scientific therapy. For the development of experimental medicine and physiology, that is, for the approval of the “Union of Medicine and Physiology”, which Botkin constantly spoke of, he created the first research and medical laboratory in Russia in Russia.

Various tests were carried out in it, the effect of drugs on the body was studied, observations of animals were carried out. Botkin was one of the first to guess what an important role in the course of any ailment is played by the brain. He argued that the disease does not affect a separate organ, but affects the entire organism through the nervous system. This thought became the leitmotif of Botkin’s publications, and so convincing that most advanced doctors picked up his views.

At the dawn of the development of microbiology, he realized that the disease, called jaundice in his time, causes microorganisms. This foresight was justified in the twentieth century, when the virus was allocated - the causative agent of an infectious jaundice, now called Botkin's disease. In his lectures, he expressed confidence that centers that control the hematopoiesis, the separation of sweat, the release of heat, etc.

would also be found in the human brain. The existence of these centers was also proved in the twentieth century. For medicine of the 21st century, perhaps the greatest importance from its discoveries is a prediction about the presence of vasodomotor centers in the brain, as well as a hypothesis, according to which arterial hypertension causes their defeat as a result of external influences, which lead to modern language to chronic emotional stress.

Botkin defended the rights of women to a higher medical education. On his initiative in the year in St. Petersburg, the first female medical courses were opened. Together with Sechenov, Botkin provided the opportunity for women-doctors to work at the department, which he led, engage in science. In the year, at forty years old, already being a professor and a world-famous master of medicine, he was appointed Life Medica under Alexander II.

It remained such under Alexander III. In the same rank, but already under Nicholas II, from a year until the last hour of his life in July, his son, Evgeny Botkin, was born in Tsarskoye Selo. Thus, both Botkins entered the close circle of the last three emperors of Russia, and not just in the role of maintenance personnel. The august surname took into account not only the outstanding personal qualities of the Botkin and the world recognition of the scientific merits of Sergei Petrovich, but also the fact that the father and son were immigrants from the richest family, a faithful monarchy.

The result of the proximity of Sergei Petrovich to the royal family was that in all his undertakings as the organizer and reformer of the Russian health care, he had unchanging support for bureaucracy and the highest aristocracy. Most likely, therefore, Botkin’s organizational activity was as productive as his scientific affairs.Botkin was also worried about the causes of high mortality in Russia.

He called on the government and the royal family to improve the sanitary condition of the country. Botkin brilliantly owned medical and demographic statistics and insisted that the priority areas of healthcare development should become those that prevent the most common diseases. In terms of mortality structure, Russia of the 19th century resembled the current poorest countries in Africa - the leaders of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

At the insistence of Botkin, in the 10ths in St. Petersburg, the Alexander Barack Hospital opened, our first infectious hospital, which was considered exemplary by European standards.