Scientists Michurin Biography

The history of science Michurin Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin Ivan Vladimirovich is the famous biologist - breeder, creator of many modern varieties of fruit and berry crops. Born on October 28, the Vershina estate was born, near the village of long now Michurovka, Pronsky district of the Ryazan province. He studied at first at home, and then in the Pronsky district school of the Ryazan province, devoting all his free time to work in the garden.

But suddenly his father gets sick. To repay debts, you have to sell the estate. Deprived of the opportunity to get a higher education, Michurin enters the Ryazan gymnasium. But a few months later he was expelled from it. At the end of the city, Michurin received the place of the commercial office of the Kozlov station of the Ryazano-Ural Railway, later-the Michurinsk station, the Moscow-Ryazan railway.

Two years later, Michurin holds the position of assistant chief, but not for a long time, a quarrel with the head of the station violated plans. Michurin changed the work and began to repair hours and signaling devices. Soon he managed to remove the abandoned estate in the Kozlov region, the Square of the GA. Moving to the city estate of acquaintances, Michurin brought out the first varieties of plants: raspberry commerce, cherries, cherries of the Beauty of the North and others.

But after a few years and this estate turned out to be crowded with plants.

Several times Michurin transferred the nursery, acquiring plots of land with a larger area. This was achieved by grueling labor and hard savings. For many years of hybridization, the results brought the results - Michurin created valuable varieties of apple trees: Antonovka one and a half -wheeled, Kandil -Chinese, Renet Bergamotny, Slavic; Pear: Bore winter Michurin, Bergamot Novik; Plums: golden renclod, renclod Reform, sweet thorn and other crops.

For the first time in the history of fruiting, he created winter -hardy varieties of cherries, almonds, grapes, papyrus tobacco, butter rose, etc. Michurin, is convinced of the unsuccessful method of the acclimatization by vaccination, and concludes that the soil of the nursery is a powerful black soil - is fat and “spoils” the hybrids, making them less resistant to less resistant to devastating for heat -loving varieties of "Russian winter." In the year, the Light saw the first scientific publications of I.

Michurin, affecting the problem of a new excretion of varieties of fruit trees. Already in the year, Michurin was awarded the Order of Anna of the third degree for his achievements. In the year, the Americans invited Michurin to sell the collection of varieties, which they were refused a breeder. After the October Revolution, Michurin continued his labors and finally received state support.

In the city in and gg. By the year, Michurin produced more than new varieties of fruit trees and shrubs: apple trees, 45 varieties, pears- 20 varieties, cherries- 13 varieties, cherries- 6 varieties, mountain ash- 3 varieties, etc. The first All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was opened in Moscow, at which Michurin’s achievements were presented. Michurina was recognized as a national institution and received the name of an experienced nursery named after Further in the city of Michurin, and in the city of June 7, he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

On the eve of his flight, Michurin was awarded many honorary titles: Honored Worker of Science and Technology, Dr. Biological and p. The most important issues developed by Michurin: inter -grade and distant hybridization, methods of educating hybrids in connection with the laws of ontogenesis, dominance management, mentor Methodological evaluation and selection of seedlings, acceleration of the breeding process using physical and chemical factors.

Michurin created the theory of selection of initial forms for crossing. It was established that “the farthest of their crossed plants - manufacturers at the place of their homeland and the conditions of their environment, the farther, the easier the conditions of the environment in the new area are hybrid seedlings.” The crossing of geographically distant forms was widely used after Michurin and many other breeders.

Michurin developed theoretical foundations and some practical techniques of distant hybridization. He proposed the methods of overcoming the genetic barrier of incompatibility in distant hybridization: pollination of young hybrids during their first flowering, preliminary vegetative rapprochement, the use of an intermediary, pollination with a mixture of pollen, etc. In addition, Michurin was a good mechanic-inventor.

He designed and manufactured a car tobacco cutting, a distillation apparatus for determining the percentage of pink oil, instruments for pollination and vaccination, and developed a unique way of air rooting of cuttings. The Network Encyclopedia "Famous Scientists" of the Biographical Data of Scientists and Specialists - the project of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences died on June 7th.