Tereshkova biography family

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. The first woman in Russia with the rank of major general. The list of the awards that she was awarded will take more than one page, among them: Hero of the Soviet Union, full cavalier of the Order for Merit to the Fatherland. It has the title of "the greatest woman of the twentieth century." In the photo: Valentina Tereshkova in the year spoke in the State Duma with a proposal to “zeroing” the terms of the current president of Russia, which won public disapproval.

The childhood, youth and family of Valya was born in the spring of the year in the working and peasants' family of Vladimir and Elena Tereshkov, living in the village of Bolshoi Maslennikovo near the city of Yaroslavl. She became the middle child in the family - between the older sister Lyudmila and younger brother Vladimir. Parents of Valentina Tereshkova Papa, Vladimir Aksenovich, a peasant from Belarus, learned to manage a tractor and worked on a collective farm.

Mom, Elena Fedorovna in the girlishness of Kruglova, a native of the village of Yeremeyevshchina in the Vitebsk region, first engaged in households, and after moving the family to Yaroslavl, she worked at a textile factory. Valentina Tereshkova in childhood in the year Father went missing at the front of the Soviet-Finnish war. Mother raised the children on her own, managing to survive the terrible years of World War II.

Valya went to the Yaroslavl school at eight years, shortly after the victory of the Soviet Union over the Nazi troops. She studied not brilliantly, but the average grades compensated for an active social position, participation in all pioneering events. Valentina Tereshkova in her youth classmates recognized her leader: Valya fearlessly jumped into the river upside down, knew how to jump on a horse without a saddle and dreamed of becoming a train driver.

But my mother decided that the railway technical school was not a place for a girl. After graduating from the seven -year -old, Valya went to evening school to be able to work at the tire factory and help the family with money. Then she entered the correspondence department of the technical school of light industry to become a technician-technologist.

Valentina Tereshkova in his youth among her friends parallel to Valentina, along with her mother and older sister, worked at the Krasny Perekop textile plant. She was admitted to the local Komsomol organization, and soon activist Tereshkov was elected her secretary. In addition to public stress, the girl played Domra in the factory orchestra. But this energetic and bold Valentine was not enough.

She joined the Yaroslavl flying club, where she made almost a hundred parachute jumps. This hobby and determined the further fate of the girl. Valentina Tereshkova at the airfield, in the photo on the left, when Sergey Korolev, the chief head of the first launch of a person into space, decided to create a women's detachment of astronauts, then to send a woman to a near -Earth orbit, Tereshkova was among the volunteers.

Of the considerable number of paratroopers, only five were selected.

Valentina approached all the parameters with Tatyana Kuznetsova, Irina Solovyova, Zhanna Yerkina and Valentina Ponomareva as a conscript for military service in a star town. The training of Private Tereshkova began. At the end of the year, she perfectly passed all the final exams for general and cosmic training. The seagull in orbit initially plans to send two women's crews into space at once.

Then it was decided that only one astronaut would fly, the most suitable by all criteria, and there were many of them: physical, psychological, age -related parameters were taken into account. The girls took place hard training in zero gravity, learned to be in spacesuits in a thermal chamber with a temperature above 70 degrees Celsius, ten days each spent in a bureau, experiencing endurance and ability to be in complete silence and loneliness.

Parachute preparation was also honed. Valentina Tereshkova in a star town during preparation for the flight why did the choice fall on Tereshkov? Researchers of Soviet cosmonautics have repeatedly asked this question. She was not the most sports of the five, not the most educated. For example, Valentina Ponomareva by that time graduated from MAI, and Irina Solovyova, the understudy of the first cosmonaut, was a parachute sports master of almost seven hundred jumps and a graduate of the Ural Polytechnic Institute.

The most reliable version of why Tereshkova flew into space, at one time was voiced by the head of the cosmonaut detachment Nikolai Kamanin: Soloviev and Ponomarev could be sent to the first flight. I am sure that they would have completed the flight no worse, but even better than Tereshkova, but after the flight they could only be used as astronauts ... Tereshkova can and should not only be the first woman-cosmonaut.

She is smart, she has a will, she makes a very good impression on everyone and will represent the Soviet Union at any international forum. The appropriate origin and organizational abilities of Valentina also played an important role. The high -ranking ranks saw in her the leader of the female Soviet movement, a public figure who would make a lot for the Soviet country after the flight.And so it happened.

Valentina Tereshkova before the flight, despite the fact that the launch and stay of Tereshkova in orbit was not quite regular, the astronaut fulfilled the main task: she went into space with the words of the poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky “Hey, sky! Take off your hat! Valentina Tereshkova. Miss Universe, according to TASS, in flight, should continue to study the influence of a wide variety of cosmic factors on the female organism for subsequently comparative analysis with a similar effect on the male body recall that Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut in the world.

It was announced that medical and biological studies and the next development and improvement of all systems of the spacecraft will be carried out for the further possibility of flights of joint crews. In orbit, at the time of the flight, Tereshkova was Vostok-5, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, who was supposed to insure her. According to Valentina Vladimirovna herself, in addition to everything, she read poetry on the ship: it was possible to take one book with her on flight.

I read Nekrasov’s poems. Some people think that the Aeronaut in space is left to himself and therefore suffers from loneliness, only listens to his feelings, fights overloads or just sleeps. In fact, he needs to complete a whole program ... I must do physical exercises. To measure pressure by the clock, donate blood to the test tubes - to complete all the tasks ... The seagull - the call sign of Tereshkova - went into space on June 16.

The Vostok-6 ship started with a baikonur duplicate site. None of the close people knew that Valentine went into unknown space. Everyone believed that she was in parachute competitions. Her relatives learned the truth in fact - by radio. Valentina Tereshkova-a seagull of Soviet cosmonautics about the flight itself for a long time was not reported, but after some materials were declassified, it turned out that Tereshkova could not cope with some scientific experiments due to poor health.

In addition, she had problems with the management of the ship, the woman reported in the Central Administrative District that she did not have a tangas orientation. Subsequently, a wire installation error was discovered, due to which Valentine was almost lost in space. Among other things, the parachute turned out to be uncontrollable, the astronaut when landing greatly hit the face of the hermoshlet.

A violation of the program was that when when it was on Earth, Tereshkova did not abandon the treats of the natives of the area where she went, and the experts did not manage to study the changes in the female gastrointestinal tract in space. Valentina Tereshkova, after landing according to the memoirs of the historian of the SCP, Yaroslav Golovanov, Korolev arranged a seagull for a real variety for all violations, allegedly saying that there would be no more women in space.

Nevertheless, the flight was perfect and became the most sensational news in the world. They started talking about the Soviet space program as an advanced one, Tereshkova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Meeting of the astronauts of Tereshkova and Bykovsky. And although the female program of space exploration was closed for a long nineteen years, Tereshkova went down in history as the first woman who made an unprecedented flight into space.

Talking about her feelings, Valentina Vladimirovna regretted that she was not an artist, since it is difficult to present such a beauty that opens before you in orbital flight. ” Further fate, although Tereshkov and wanted to go into space again and even spoke out once that she was ready to go to Mars “with one -way ticket”, she no longer had to experience enthusiasm for observing our planet from orbit.

The sphere of her interests, as Nikolai Kamanin predicted, came to social activity and the proud title of the world's first woman-cosmonaut with all the ensuing responsibilities. Yuri Gagarin and Valentina Tereshkova voluntarily taking on all party loads, the woman nevertheless dreamed of visiting space again. In the sixties, until they closed the female program at all, such an opportunity seemed to be about to appear.

Sergey Korolev planned to create a female crew. But even after his death in the year, this idea was never implemented. Following, Yuri Gagarin, the world's first person who was swinging into space. Valery Bykovsky, Valentina Tereshkova and Yuri Gagarin officially Tereshkova was considered an astronaut-instructor, graduated from the Nikolai Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy.

She became a professor, an author of more than fifty works in the field of cosmonautics, taught at the Center for the Training of Future Cosmos conquerors. Valentina Tereshkova at the Blue Light on January 22 of the year, setting off with other astronauts to the event in the Kremlin, Tereshkova almost died. Their car was fired by Victor Ilyin, dressed in the form of a policeman.

The offender decided to make an attempt on Leonid Brezhnev, but the bullets got into another car of the government motorcade. The driver was mortally wounded, the cosmonauts received slight injuries.Valentine remained intact. The attacker was recognized as insane, and the fact of the attempt was not revealed for more than twenty years. Like all the "participants" of the attack, the woman kept the secret.

Tereshkova traveled to many countries, met with the heads of states who wanted to personally talk with a woman who was the first to visit in a near -earth orbit. Her sincere manner of communication bribed many, through Valentina Vladimirovna, world leaders began to better understand the policy of the Soviet Union. For several years, the astronaut was awarded many orders and medals of not only her country.

Valentina Tereshkova, Nikita Khrushchev and Valery Bykovsky on the tribune of the mausoleum, although she herself considered her flight to be ordinary work, they began to call him a feat, in honor of which they began to devote to Tereshkova songs and make films. A line of the Seagull's branded watch appeared at the Uglich watch factory, the small planet of the solar system and crater on the moon was named the same name.

Muslim Magomaev - “The girl's name girl” on the reverse of one of the Soviet coins was minted by the image of Tereshkova, and a monument was erected in Yaroslavl, a museum of her name was opened. In honor of the flight of the first woman-cosmonaut, they released the documentary tape "I always look at the stars." A memorable coin, released by the flight of the flight of Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna, was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union, headed the All -Union Society of Cultural Relations with foreign countries.

In Soviet times, her personality was overgrown with numerous legends, not always positive. For example, it is Tereshkova who was the author of the book about the female camp Irina Ratushinskaya ascribes the introduction of a single form of clothing for prisoners. Allegedly, having arrived in one of the Kharkov colonies, she was offended, because some convicts looked better than she herself, and ordered the creation of a single form, mandatory shawls on the head, boots and a badge.

Many years later, in the year, the ditties had a continuation: "Putin thanked Tereshkov for the pile - he leaned the batteries to the Khrushchev gift." Valentina Tereshkova and his daughter in fashionable leather trends in the veracity of this story arise, because Tereshkova was obliged to look “from a needle” by the nature of the activity. She dressed in the Fashion House of Glory Zaitsev and her elegant style was adopted not only by compatriots.

Despite not the most feminine facial features, she was high and stately, she had no need to hide the figure.