Biography Chebyshev mathematics

Chebyshev pronounced Chebyshev Pafnutiy Lvovich [14 Pr at the Kaluga province, now the Kaluga region, - initial education received at home; He entered Moscow University for 16 years and graduated from it at Moscow University defended his master's thesis. He moved to Petersburg, where in the same year he defended his thesis at the university and began lectures on algebra and numbers theory.

In defending his doctoral dissertation, awarded the Demidov Prize in the same year; In a became a professor at St. Petersburg University. For a long time he took part in the work of the artillery branch of the Military-Scientific Committee and the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education. He stopped lecturing at St. Petersburg University and, having resigned, completely engaged in scientific work.

Korkin, E. Zolotarev, A. Markov, G. Vorono, A. Lyapunov, V. Steklov, D. The characteristic features of CH. Research of Ch. In each of the mentioned sections of Ch. The desire to link the problems of mathematics with the fundamental issues of natural science and technology largely determines its originality as a scientist. Many discoveries of Ch. This was repeatedly emphasized by Ch.

In the theory of probability of Ch., He proved large numbers the law in a very general form; Moreover, his proof is striking in its simplicity and elementary. The study of the conditions for the distribution of the distribution of the sums of independent random values ​​to the normal law of Ch. However, by some supplementing the methods of Ch. Without strict conclusions of Ch., The work theory of numbers in the theory of numbers in a number of entire numbers was led by the work of Ch.

He was the creator of new directions of studies in the theory of numbers and new methods of research. The most numerous works of Ch. He was, in particular, a dissertation for the right to give lectures, in which C. Integration of the algebraic functions of Ch. In one of them, a well -known theorem was obtained about the conditions of integration in the elementary functions of differential binom.

An important area of ​​research on mathematical analysis is his work to build the general theory of orthogonal polynomials. The reason for its creation was parabolic interpolation in the method of the smallest squares. Studies of C., referring to the reduction of calculations, C., close integration, adjoin the same circle of ideas. Studies on quadrature formulas and the theory of inter -polishing were closely related to the tasks that were set before Part of the approximation and interpolation of functions, Chebyshev are polynomial.

The simplest setting of the problem of Ch. In addition to the uniform best approximation, Ch. The theory of machines and mechanisms was one of those disciplines with which his works are especially numerous to the synthesis of articulated mechanisms, in particular the Watt parallelogram, and others. He paid much attention to the design and manufacture of specific mechanisms.

Interesting, in particular, its stopping machine, imitating the movement of the animal when walking, as well as an automatic arithmometer. The study of Watt’s parallelogram and the desire to improve him came up with Ch. To the applied works of Ch. So, on his advice A. Lyapunov began a cycle of research on the theory of figures of the equilibrium of the rotating fluid, the particles of which are attracted according to the law of universal gravity.

Proceedings of Ch. In honor of Ch. Biographical Essay, M. Chebyshev, c.