Ivan Vladimirovich Biography

Michurin Ivan, thanks to his innovative ideas in the field of plant selection, Michurin managed to derive many varieties of apple trees, cherries and other fruit and berry crops. Childhood and youth of Ivan Michurin the future scientist was born on October 15 on October 15 in a small noble estate in the village of Long Pronsky district of the Ryazan province. The direction of Michurin’s activity was predetermined almost in the fact of birth: the traditions of gardening in the family developed over several generations.

Both the grandfather and the father of the future breeder were fond of breeding apple trees and pears, and therefore he himself already owned all kinds of vaccination of garden plants in early childhood. The boy’s mother, Maria Petrovna, died very young when her son was only 4 years old. At first, his father, Vladimir Ivanovich, taught Ivan the literacy of Ivan, and after the boy entered the Pronsky district school.

The education of Ivan Michurin father took care of his son to receive a worthy education, and prepared him for admission to the famous Alexander Lyceum in St. Petersburg. But misfortune happened: Vladimir Ivanovich seriously fell ill, the family went bankrupt, the family estate was sold. The youth of Ivan Michurin went in the house of his uncle and aunt. In the year, he began to study at the Ryazan provincial gymnasium, but he was soon excluded from there allegedly for not taking off his hat on a frosty day to greet the director.

Unable to get even a gymnasium education, the young man moved to a small town of Kozlov now Michurinsk, the Tambov province, where he eventually lived and worked almost his whole life. Until the end of the x. Michurin worked on the railway: a clerk, a cashier, a monster. There was not enough money. To make money on bread, he opened a small private workshop, where after service on the railway he repaired hours and various household mechanisms.

Michurin did not leave the scientific activity of Ivan Michurin the fascination with crop production even in the most intense years of his life. In the year, he took off a small abandoned manor on the outskirts of the city and began to conduct experiments there to remove various varieties of fruits and berries, continuing to work on the railway. Soon, the small space of the estate ceased to be enough for all the ideas of the gardener, there was not a lack of funds.

The self-taught breeder unsuccessfully tried to find a place for his experiments. In the fall of the same year, he moved to a large city house with a garden, which immediately had to be laid for debts, but in this city estate Michurin became crowded. In the year, the scientist acquired a plot of land near Kozlov, in the Sloboda Turmasovo. There was no house in a new place, and Ivan Vladimirovich and his wife and children had to walk from a city apartment on foot with luggage on his back, and on the very site to huddle in a miserable hut.

But it was here, on this empty land, that Michurin created the famous breeding nursery, which later became the central part of the huge state farm-garden named after This farm served as a place of work of Michurin until the end of his life. By the beginning of the 20th century, the experiments of Ivan Michurin became the property of the general public. The breeder who gained experience withdrew and sold various hybrids, created new frost -resistant varieties of fruit and berry crops.

Applying new, independently developed selection methods, Ivan Vladimirovich proved the intricate of many species. Since the year, the scientist regularly published scientific works on the removal of new varieties and acclimatization of hybrids. It was hard to believe in some discoveries of Michurin to then specialists. They tell how once the editorial office of one of the Moscow magazines refused Michurin to publish an article about the method of cuttings of cherries, since it was simply impossible.

The indignant Michurin dug up and sent several rooted cuttings to the editorial office, and refused to accept an apology. Michurin wrote to both officials, statesmen, and even the emperor himself: he longed to attract the attention of society to the tasks of selection, to the economic and scientific potential of the industry. Thanks to such persistence, the authorities finally drew attention to his works: in the year the great biologist received the Order of St.

Anne of the III degree as a reward for his achievements. Gradually, the glory of this strange unleasant person spread throughout the world. Canadian farmers wrote that in harsh northern conditions only the Michurin cherry survived, the Dutch offered a lot of money for the bulbs of an amazing lily with the smell of violet - if only in Russia this flower was no longer grown.

In the year, the Department of Agriculture of the United States invited Michurin to move to the American continent and freely conduct any experiments there, or at least sell a collection of hybrids. The scientist refused all these tempting proposals. Difficulties in the work of the nursery, to which the scientist devoted all his time, arose with the outbreak of the First World War.

The year turned out to be especially difficult: the beloved brainchild of Michurin was badly damaged due to the flood and frosts, many plants died. The misfortune also fell upon the biologist: his beloved spouse died of cholera.Nevertheless, Ivan Vladimirovich was not broken and again, as before, tirelessly set to work - it was this period of the biography of Michurin that turned out to be one of the most fruitful.

The researcher’s enthusiasm and a strict schedule helped him to cope with the misfortunes: from summer age, until the very last days, he adhered to the strictest routine of the day in which there was no slightest scene of idleness. Michurin got up early in the morning, at 5 o’clock, and went to bed at midnight. His entire day was painted in a per museum: until noon and after - work in a nursery, in lunch - reading scientific articles and reception of visitors, and after dinner and until late at night, the scientist responded to numerous letters.

The research activities of Michurin were continuous. As a rest, Ivan Vladimirovich recognized only a change in activity: he was still, as in his young years, he was fond of repairing watches and various devices, often constructed new ones. Michurin came up with not only different types of comfortable horticultural instruments like secators and a vaccination chisel, but also built a distillation cube in his workshop to obtain essential oil from rose petals, a portable metal stove, manually manufactured a typewriter and even made a dosimeter for measuring the radiation background.

Michurin was fond of the creation of fruit and wax berries - they say they were so similar to real ones that some visitors tried to treat themselves. During the First World War, Michurin managed to find confirmation of a number of genetic laws revealed by him for inheritance in plants. He continued to write out plants abroad, published numerous articles in magazines. According to the calculations of researchers, at that time in his nursery there were near plant species from around the world.

Immediately after the October Revolution of the year, the scientist proposed cooperation to the new authorities. It was important for him that the nursery would be under guard and not die in the vague years of the revolution and the civil war. In the year, the Michurinsky garden was nationalized, and he himself was appointed the head. The authorities provided a biologist with funds for setting up experiments, purchasing materials and hiring personnel, as well as the recruitment and maintenance of students.

By the year, the number of simultaneously running experiments in the nursery reached several hundred. At the same time, Ivan Vladimirovich actively worked not only on genetic experiments - he took part in the work of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, advised agronomists, and was engaged in the popularization of knowledge about plant selection among employees of the agricultural industry.

The nursery of Ivan Vladimirovich also grown: already in the year his student and follower I. Gorshkov opened the second, reproductive department of the nursery 5 km from the first. In the year, shortly before the death of the scientist, the Central Genetic Laboratory opened on the basis of his nursery. The chosen one of the summer young man was the summer Alexander Vasilievna Petrushina, the daughter of a simple factory worker.

In marriage with Alexandra Vasilievna, Michurin lived until her death in the year. In the year, the couple had a son Nikolai, in the year - the daughter of Maria. To his father’s chagrin, Nikolai was not to the liking of experiments with plants - he did not like gardening, and Ivan Vladimirovich forcibly attracted the boy to work. Conflicts often arose between his father and his son, so that Nikolai left the family only a summer teenager and did not see his father for many years.

They met only on the eve of the death of the great scientist. The daughter of Maria, on the contrary, remained a faithful assistant to her father - her descendants still live in Michurinsk. The death and funeral of Ivan Michurin Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin remained active and active until the very last days. At the beginning of the year, he became seriously ill: he began to rapidly lose strength and appetite, pain appeared.

The consultation of doctors found a stomach cancer in a summer scientist. By spring, Michurin no longer got out of bed and could not eat on his own, but continued to work with correspondence and advise students. The death of Michurin occurred on June 7, the funeral took place on June 9. The whole country said goodbye to the famous biologist, tens of thousands of people escorted on the last journey of the scientist.

His own city dressed in mourning. Condolences were brought by representatives of many countries of the world. They buried the famous breeder on the territory of his nursery, now there is a memorial ensemble created in the year. The contribution of Ivan Michurin to science Michurin developed a number of new ways to breed fruit and berry plants. He used hybridization of geographically distant species, managed to overcome the reliability of many cultures.

This helped him create a huge number of varieties connecting excellent taste with frost resistance. Experiments in the main scientific field of Michurin - genetics and plant breeding - significantly enriched world science. Thanks to the tireless work of the biologist, his hometown of Michurinsk turned into a large scientific center, where agrarian research institutes, nurseries, and fruiting farms are concentrated.In the declining years, the scientist received the titles of Honored Science and Technique of the RSFSR, Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academician of the All -Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Honorary Member of the Czechoslovak Agrarian Academy in the year after establishing the title of Honorary Citizen of Michurinsk, the scientist deservedly headed the list.