Simferopol biography

The history of the city of Simferopol is the capital of Crimea Gate of Crimea. This is how Millions of vacationers who come to the peninsula perceive Simferopol. Meanwhile, the capital of Crimea has a rather rich and interesting story. The official date of the birth of Simferopol is the year, but many historians argue that the age of the capital of Crimea is much more respectable and it should be counted since the formation of the ancient settlement of Naples Scythian.

The capital of Malaya Scythia, which included the current Crimea, with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula, a former part of the Bosporus state, and Chersonesos, located on the territory of the current Sevastopol, for many millennia was considered lost. The place of its location was not found by chance. And the Crimean Tatar city of Ak -Mesec - the predecessor of Simferopol played his role in this.

Crimean Tatars for construction used a stone from an ancient hillock that sunk into the flyer. Somehow one lover of antiquities, the police officer of the Simferopol district, drew attention to stone slabs with bas-reliefs and Greek inscriptions. He sent plates to the Odessa Museum of Antiquities. They became interested in the find and in the same summer held an archaeological expedition, led by the director of the I.

Museum I. He was the first to express a guess, which became a scientific sensation, confirmed by all subsequent excavations - Napolis was found, which mysteriously disappeared the capital of the late Kyphic state, quite large for its time. Subsequently, the Tavro -Slyt expedition was engaged in research by the settlement. Her discoveries and finds resolutely crossed out the previous ideas about the Scythians, as wild and illiterate, “yesterday” nomads.

Before the archaeologists, a strong, talented, smart, capable of making long and harsh trials appeared. Simferopol architect Kondratsky in a series of drawings tried to restore the architectural appearance of the Scythian capital. Then he came to the conclusion: "Naples at the time of his heyday, the 2nd century BC, is surprisingly similar to the Rome of that time." The Scythian capital lasted at least six hundred years.

There is no exact information about when and how it ceased to exist. It is known that in the year BC Naples Scythian destroyed the Goths, but after the invasion the city continued to live. It is believed that the Huns finally ruined him. Many centuries later on the ruins of the capital of Malaya Scythia, a village with the Christian population Kermenchik “Fortress” was located. At that time, nothing reminded of the magnificent Scythian capital.

And at the end of the 13th century, a thousand years after the death of the last capital of the Scythian state, the Tatars came to the Crimea. They came to settle in the closure and blessed Crimean steppe forever. The city of Ak-Michest, which means a white mosque, appeared next door to what remained of the former Scythian capital. Ak-Michest was an important administrative point-the center of Kaymakanism is something like a district center.

In addition, the residence of Kalgi -Sultan - the second after the khan of the face in the feudal hierarchy. The Ak-Mosque now the “old city” of Simferopol developed as the city of artisans in both the XVII and XVIII centuries was the labyrinth of confusing, crooked streets inhabited by crafts and trade. The turning point for the life of the Ak-Movisa was the third year of the Russo-Turkish war.

Russian troops rush to the Crimea. It is believed that Dolgorukovsky Obelisk stands at the place where the tent of the commander of the second army stood. Then it could never have occurred to any of the Russian soldiers that a new city - Simferopol would have appeared in the place of their fleet camp in the near future. Six years after these events, Suvorov’s detachment approached the Ak-Mesh.

Redut, built by the soldiers of the great commander and named after Alexandrovsky, became essentially the first building in the territory of the future Simferopol. In February, Catherine II signed a decree on the formation of the Tauride region on the territory of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas, which was part of the Novorossiysk province. A few days after this decree, the Governor-General of Novorossiya Grigory Potemkin submits the empress to the project of the administrative structure of the region, the center of which was to become a new city.

The day of the signing of Catherine II of the Decree “On the Administrative Delivery of the Tauride Region” is considered the date of the founding of the modern Crimean capital. At the suggestion of the scientist, clergyman and public figure Yevgeny Bulgaris, the future administrative center of the Tauride province was called Simferopol, in Russian-Presid.

Why the Russian city gave the Greek name, the answer was simple - in those years there was an official fashion for ancient Greek toponymy. The first buildings of the new regional center were laid in June. About the progress of construction, Potemkin was reported by the ruler of the newly established region V. Gradually, the city grew and was populated by immigrants from Russia and Ukraine.

The surroundings of the city were also populated. After the death of Catherine II, in the year, the construction of Simferopol ceased.Pavel I abolished the Tauride region and, dividing its territory into two counties Akmeschetsky and Perekopsky, included them in Novorossiysk governorship. Simferopol was again called Ak-School. But after 6 years, he again becomes the main city of Crimea and North Tavria - the center of the newly formed Tauride province.

Simferopol of that period was small, but quite developed. Road construction contributed to its development: the highway to Alushta, and then to Yalta, the railway. The capital of Taurida received an access to the All -Russian market and became a large craft and especially the province of the province. For more than half a century, Simferopol streets had no official names.

In the course there was a “folk” toponymy - bazaar, low -sailing, hospital. Only in the year the construction commission took into account all the quarters and buildings and removed the city plan. After 3 years, the governor sent a order to the city Duma to appropriate the names of the main streets. In their names, religious preferences of local residents, their class affiliation were also visible.

Some streets were named on a national basis - Russian, Tatar, Turkish, Karaim. The pre -revolutionary Simferopol was the city of mainly labor people. But it was the nobles, as well as the rich merchants and manufacturers, who disposed of all the affairs of the city. Among the philanthropists, one of the most famous, were representatives of the Karaite community. It was their efforts that built the center of Simferopol.

These buildings to this day adorn the Crimean capital. The beginning of the 20th century was marked in Russia as a rise in the revolutionary movement. And in Simferopol at that time the first social democratic circles arise, and later-the Council of Workers' Deputies. The Central Committee sent professional Bolsheviks to the Crimea - Miller, Ostrovskaya, Gaven, Fire. Their names are immortalized in the names of Simferopol streets.

The Soviet government was established in the city in January of the year. After that, for 2 years, power alternately passed from hand to hand to white or red. For white emigrants, Simferopol became a gate through which they left the Fatherland forever. During the Civil War in the Crimea, the largest scientists of Russia were in Simferopol. They became the founders, the recipients of the Tauride University, founded in the year.

An interesting fact: Academician Vernadsky was supposed to emigrate in troubled times, but could not leave the university, which was headed after the death of the first rector of Gelvig. Now the name of the Academician Vernadsky is the largest higher educational institution of the Republic of Crimea - the Crimean Federal University, created in the year and includes 8 academies and institutions, including the Tauride Academy, as well as 5 colleges and centers, 11 branches throughout Crimea and 7 scientific organizations.

The Bolsheviks finally established themselves in the city in the year. During the years of pre -war five -year -olds, the city was actively built. On the eve of World War II, Simferopol produced more than a third of the industrial products of Crimea. The Great Patriotic War is a tragic page in the life of Simferopol. Over the years of occupation, the punishers killed and tortured more than 20 Simferopol residents.

There were permanent places of executions in the city, and even a concentration camp - a “potato town”. Many buildings were destroyed to the base. The equipment of factories and factories was exported to Germany. Victory Day, who was as best he could, brought the partisans, underground and those who remained in the occupied city. In the history of Simferopol, the memory of the heroic feat of the actors of the Russian Drama Theater remained forever.

To this day, the play “They were actors”, telling about those events, is on the stage of the Crimean Academic Theater named after Gorky.

The day of the liberation of Simferopol from the Nazi invaders, on April 13, became a truly popular holiday. In memory of that event in the city center, they laid the Victory Square, where a tank T was erected on the pedestal, which was one of the first to enter the city. Not far from him, the Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky, destroyed in the thirties of the XX century, will soon be revived, together they form a spiritual-patriotic memorial complex.

The building of the Alexander-Nevsky Cathedral is connected with the history of the birth of the provincial center. The temple was one of the first monumental structures of Simferopol. Services in it led the persons of the first size in the Russian church hierarchy. In the cathedral, meetings of royal persons were held, soldiers were sent from it to defend the Fatherland.

A brilliant surgeon, the founder of new directions in medicine, could become a world -famous doctor. But he chose another way - serving God. However, according to the order of Patriarch Tikhon, he does not bury his talent into the ground and continues to operate people. Three arrests, 11 years of prisons and links under the Stalin regime - and the Stalin Prize of the first degree for the monograph "Essays on purulent surgery" in the year; The hardest work of the hospital surgeon and at the same time ministry in the temple, participation in Stalin’s operating - these are the amazing parabola of the difficult life of St.

Luke. In Simferopol, Vladyka lived since the year.Here he died in the m year, and he was buried here. But even after death, believers come to the grave of the lords and pray for help. After multiple cases of healing by the definition of the Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Vladyka Luke was ranked to the Phys of Saints.