Great Ekaterina Biography

In the year, Catherine occupied the Russian throne, having made a “bloodless coup”. Catherine II is the only Russian Empress was awarded the title of “Great”. The time of her reign is called the "golden age" of Russia. The empress, who was an ethnic German and spoke with an accent until the end of her life, made more for Russia than many original Russian predecessors.

It was with her that the external threats of the existence of the Russian state were finally eliminated: the Crimean Khanate and the Commonwealth. The foreign policy of Catherine II was clear and strict. The empress believed that Russia should behave like during Peter I, showing his neighbors friendliness and mercy, and with aggression of the latter, to give a worthy rebuff, without missing.

Catherine the Great showed the whole world the power of the Russian army, the courage of the Russian people and the power of the Russian spirit, in general, the greatness of the Russian Empire! During her reign, she was able to significantly expand the boundaries of the Russian Empire, laid the foundations of influence in the Black Sea, Azov, Caucasian regions and began to master Alaska.

The empress also managed to return the lands taken by the Poles of the Western Territory. By her own admission of Catherine II, she did not possess a creative mind, but well captured any sensible thought and used it for its own purposes. She skillfully picked up her assistants, was not afraid of bright and talented people. The Catherine’s time was marked by the appearance of a whole galaxy of outstanding statesmen, commanders, writers, artists, musicians.

The population of Russia increased significantly, hundreds of new cities were built, the treasury increased four times, industry and agriculture were rapidly developed - Russia first began exporting bread. In the year, Catherine carried out church reform. This reform noticeably weakened the church, its influence, and also increased profit from taxes. Two million peasants who plowed to monasteries, and almost 10 million hectares of church lands became the property of the state.

In years, police and city reforms are launched. The impetus was Pugachev's uprising. The vertical of power intensifies, especially in cities. The police are endowed with their functions, the councils are created, cities are divided into quarters, behind which police officers are assigned. City thoughts appear in the cities. A unified education system was created with the continuity of curriculum from the lower steps to the highest.

Educational institutions were founded in which professional teachers were engaged in the training and education of youth. Catherine II also contributed to the development of female education. In the year, the so -called school reform was carried out. The privileges of the nobility as an estate have finally took shape: from now on, the service became not an obligation, but of the right.

The long -awaited monetary reform was carried out in the year. For the first time in St. Petersburg and Moscow, banks and paper money appeared, which replaced heavy copper. Catherine II was the first in Russia to vaccinate from smallpox. To do this, the doctor Thomas Dimsdale was called to Russia from London. Knowing the fear in Russian society before vaccinations, the empress became one of the first patients of Dimsdale.

In the year, the Englishman instilled Opa to her and Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich. The recovery of the empress and her son became a significant event in the life of the Russian court. In culturally, Russia finally became one of the great European powers, which the empress herself, who was fascinated by literary activity, gathered the masterpieces of painting and consisting in correspondence with French enlighteners, contributed a lot.

In the year, she acquired a collection of the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotskovsky, who laid the foundation for the meeting of the museum. Thanks to the talent of the empress, the advice and mediation of experts well versed in matters, among whom were Denis Didro, E. Falcone, Prince D. Golitsyn, the largest museum meeting in Europe arose. But it is always necessary to understand that history is not a beautiful fairy tale, but a complex, multifaceted process, where there is always a place for a feat and error, and historical heroes are albeit great, but living people, full of doubts, seeking and mistaken.

And the reign of Catherine II was also filled with contradictory, and sometimes tragic events: the Pugachevsky uprising, the maximum enslavement of the peasants, the restriction of technological progress ... In the year, 18 years before his death, Ekaterina the Great compiled a humorous epitaph for her future tombstones: “Ekaterina, born in Shtettin on April 21, was buried here.

Fourteen years old, she compiled a triple project - she likes her wife, Elizabeth I and the people. She used everything to achieve this success. For eighteen years, boredom and solitude forced her to read many books. Having entered the Russian throne, she strove for good, wanted to deliver happiness, freedom and property to her subjects. She easily forgave and did not have a hatred of anyone.

Confusing, loved ease in life, funny from nature, with the soul of a Republican and a good heart - she had friends.Labor was easy for her, in society and verbal sciences she found pleasure. ” Empress Catherine the Great died at the age of 67 in St. Petersburg, in the Winter Palace of November 17 [6] of letters to loved ones, for example, the son of Paul or Grigory Potemkin, Catherine II usually ended with the phrase: “However, I am a friendly” that the modern Russian language can be translated as “you are sincerely in touch”.

And this is also a characteristic of a person!