Grigory Otrepyev brief biography

The head of the election of Boris did not put an end to the boyar intrigues. At first, she tried to contrast Godunov Khan Simeon, later - the self -proclaimed Dmitry. The half -forgotten prince was remembered the other day after the death of Tsar Fedor. The Lithuanian scouts sneaking in Smolensk heard a lot of amazing about him. Some interpreted that Dmitry was alive and sent them a letter, others - as if Boris ordered Dmitry to kill, and then he began to keep his double with him with the following calculation: if he himself could not master the throne, he would put forward Liazarevich to pick up the crown with his hands.

The fables composed Godunov’s enemies. They diligently blackened the new king, and his opponents, the boyars of the Romanovs, were extolled. It was reported that the eldest of the Romanov brothers openly accused Boris of the murder of two sons of the Terrible and tried to punish the villain. It is impossible to believe in all these palses. There are too many inconsistencies in them.

But they help to establish who revived the ghost of Dmitry. They were circles close to the Romanovs. After the coronation of the new king, the stories about the impostor were stalled by themselves. But soon Boris became seriously ill. The struggle for the throne seemed inevitable, and the ghost of Dmitry was risen a second time. Three years later, the mysterious and elusive shadow found flesh: within the Polish-Lithuanian state, a man appeared, called the name of the deceased Tsarevich.

In Russia, they announced that under the guise of Dmitry was hiding the runaway Chernets of the Miracle of the Monastery Grishka Otrepyev. Maybe the Moscow authorities called the first, who got- Skrynnikov R. Boris Godunov. No, this is not so. At first, they considered the impostor an unknown thief and a hut and, only after conducting a thorough investigation, established his name.

Of course, of course, they could not prove the identity of Grishka and Liazarevich with complete irresponsibility. But they collected detailed information about the adventures of the real Otrepyev, relying on the testimony of his mother, uncle and other Galician relatives. Uncle Gregory, Smirnaya-Otropyev, turned out to be the most intelligent witness, and King Boris sent him to Poland to expose his nephew.

The small Galician nobleman Yuri Bogdanovich Otropyev, in the monastic of the monk Grigory, cut his hair in one of the Russian monasteries, and then fled to Lithuania. On these decisive events of his life, the tsarist office focused all its attention. Why are her statements about a cursory monk full of contradictions? How to explain numerous inconsistencies in Otopyev’s official biographies?

The Russian authorities addressed their first version to the Polish court.

In Poland, they literally stated the following: “Yushka Otrepyev, the yak was in the world, and he did not listen to his father, fell into heresy, and stole, stole, played in grain and brazel and ran from his father many and, wrapped, tonsured by Chernets.” The author of the instructive novel about the Unrequited noble son was, apparently, Smirnaya-Otropyev, who returned from Poland after an unsuccessful attempt to meet with his nephew.

Tsarist diplomats interpreted about Otopiev not only in Krakow, but also in Vienna, the capital of the Austrian Habsburgs. Tsar Boris sent the emperor a personal message. Its original, still not published, is stored in the Vienna archive. We managed to get to know him. Here is what Boris wrote about the cursory monk: Yushka Otrepyev “was in the slave of our nobleman, with Mikhail Romanov, and, being at Neva, he learned the thieves, and Mikhail told him to the yard for his theft, and that sufferer learned more than to steal the former, and he wanted to hang him up, and he ran away from that deaths, and he ran away from that.

Far monastery, and called him in Cherncekh Gregory. " In the distant Vienna, Moscow diplomats showed great frankness than in Krakow. There they first called the patron of the impostor. True, having tied together Skrynnikov R. from the Poles generally concealed that Otrepyev served Romanov. The Austrians tried to convince that the Romanovs were not accomplices of intrigue, but they themselves drove off the impostor.

A comparison of two official versions of Grishka tonsure suggests that the tsarist office falsified this episode from his biography. The purpose of such falsification is extremely clear. The Moscow authorities tried to portray Otopyev by a criminal criminal, and not political and thereby prove that there was no influential opposition behind him. Explanations abroad were made at a time when the name of the impostor was banned in Russia itself.

All the rumors about the miraculously saved princes were mercilessly suppressed. But finally, False Dmitry invaded the country, and it became impossible to remain silent. The enemy turned out to be much more dangerous than in Moscow, and although he suffered a defeat in an open battle, no power could expel him beyond the state. Attempts to introduce Otrepyev to a young villain, who was brought to the monastery, drunkenness and theft, could not convince anyone else.

The lies of the diplomats collapsed by itself. It was then that the church took up the denunciation of the heretic.The Patriarch announced to the people that Otrepyev “lived with the Romanovs in the yard and was wound up, from the death penalty had tonsured Chernsy and was in many monasteries”, served in the Patriarchal court, and then fled to Lithuania. In order to understand how contemporaries perceived the revelations of the Patriarch, you need to know that in the old days theft was most often called disobedience to the authorities, treason and other political crimes.

Diplomatic documents were called, as the reasons for the tonsure of Grishka, drunkenness and theft. From the patriarchal letter it followed that he was cut because of the crimes committed in the service of the Romanovs. After the death of Godunovs and the death of False Dmitry I, Tsar Vasily Shuisky, the leader of the conspiracy against the impostor, dressed up a new consequence of Otopiev.

He announced the story of Grishka with great details than Boris. From the new official statements, it became clear that Otopyev was associated with at least two noble boyar surnames - Romanov and Cherkasy. The measure of frankness was explained by direct political calculation. Having come to power, Shuisky tried to attract the surviving Romanovs to his side. He appointed the tonsured Fedor Romanov Patriarch, and his brother Ivan was a boyar.

The cunning move, however, did not give the desired results. At the first opportunity, the Romanovs joined the conspiracy against Shuisky. The new king had no more reason to spare his rivals. He completely abandoned the old invention about the expulsion of Otrepiev from the Romanovsky courtyard and made up additional facts from his early biography. The Shuisky version was more reliable than Godunovskaya, since with the death of Boris the question of the involvement of the boyar opposition in an impostorian intrigue lost its former acuteness.

In addition, Shuisky was addressed to the Polish court, well -informed about the past of his own protege. The king had to be closer to the throne, which was not sitting closer to the facts: any fabrications about Otopiev could be refuted by the Polish side. Otopiev’s service at the boyars of the Romanovsky circle, apparently, can be considered a genuine historical fact. What role did this episode play in the biography of the adventurer?

Contemporaries went around this issue in silence. And only one chronicler, who lived in the reign of the first Romanovs, neglected caution and opened the edges of the curtain. He was the author of the "Tales of the Construction." Fyodor Nikitich Romanov and with the brothers of this Grishka Otvyev, Kelis Kelbulatovich, often came to his fertile house and from Prince Boris Kelbulatovich gained honor, and Tsar Boris was indignant for him, the same licking Lyi, soon escaped from the tsar, wrapped up only monasteries and lusters.

The author of the “Tales” was devoted to Romanov, he is zealous, trying to soften the extremely unpleasant for the horses of R., as it were, he wants to say: Full, Otvyev did not serve either Mikhail Romanov or Boris Cherkassky, he only went into the Cherkasy house. The chronicler was well versed in the family affairs of Cherkasy. He knew that they were condemned at the same time with Romanov, that his wife and son Ivan followed Prince Boris.

Moreover, his remark that Otrepyev was at Cherkassky in honor. This means that Yuri Bogdanovich was not lost among the numerous boyar janitor, but, on the contrary, was able to advance in the princely service. For a long time, the testimony of the “Tales of the Construction” was not given much importance. The source was not taken seriously due to the abundance of inaccurate details in it.

But here is a characteristic stroke. All fictions of “Tales” relate exclusively to Otopyev’s Lithuanian period. The author of the “Tale” knew about Moscow adventures of Grishka incomparably more. Unique details gleaned from this complex source, of course, can only be used after a comprehensive check. Let's try to do the necessary work. The Moscow period of Otrepyev’s life is poor in events.

After serving in the boyar courtyards, he monitored for some time, and then disappeared in Lithuania. The most mysterious episode in Otopiev’s biography is his wandering in provincial monasteries. Contemporaries knew about them in time and invariably contradicted each other, barely began to list the places in which the Cherniva stopped. One of the chroniclers noted that Grishka lived for three years in a monastery near Galich, and then for two years “being more and silent” in Miracle.

The awareness of this chronicler is not too great. For some reason, the Zheleznoborsky Galich Monastery of John the Baptist, for some reason, calls the monastery of the livelihood of the Life-Giving Trinity of the Kostroma district. His story about visiting the Queen of Queen Maria Naga in the monastery on Vyksa is completely fantastic. The author of the “other legend” described Otrepyev’s walking in monasteries in a completely different way.

According to him, Grishka began with a residence in the Spaso-Evfimieva monastery in Suzdal, later moved to Miracle Monastery and only at the end-to the Baptist abode of the iron border.