Mata Hari Biography Wikipedia

Adam Zelle October 2 - March 13 and Antier Van der Melen Nether. Antje Van Der Meouln April 21 - May 9 Adam was the owner of a hat store. In addition, he made successful investments in the oil industry and became rich enough not to skimp on children. Thus, until thirteen years, Margaret attended only schools for the highest class. However, in Adam, he went bankrupt and soon divorced his wife.

The mother of Margaret died in the family was destroyed. Father sent Margarita to her godfather to the city of Snack. Then she continued her studies in Leiden, receiving the profession of a kindergarten teacher, but when the school director began to openly flirt with her, her offended godfather took Margarita from this educational institution. After several months, she fled to her uncle in the Hague.

Indonesia on July 11, 18 years old, in Amsterdam, Margaret married at the announcement of the summer captain Rudolf Mc-Leoda March 1-January 9, Dutch Dutch descent. They moved to about. Java of the Dutch East India, now Indonesia, and they had two children: the son of Norman Jon January 30-June 27 and the daughter of Jeanne-Louise Non on May 2-August 10, the marriage was a complete disappointment for both.

Rudolph was an alcoholic; In addition, he took out all his disorders and dissatisfaction with his life on his wife, who was twice as younger than him and which he accused him not promoted in the service. He also openly kept his mistress. The disappointed Margaret left him temporarily, moving to Van Redes Van Rheedes - another Dutch officer. For many months, she intensively studied Indonesian traditions, in particular through her work in a local dance group.

She first mentioned her artistic pseudonym-Mata Hari, who means “sun” literally-“eye of the day” in one of the letters to relatives in Holland. After the persistent persuasion of Rudolf, Margaret returned to him, although his aggressive behavior has not changed. She still tried to forget herself, studying local culture. Their son Norman died, probably from the complications of the syphilis, who became infected with his parents, although the family claimed that he was poisoned by a servant.

Some sources argue that Rudolf McC-Leod was offended and punished her husband’s husband, who served them, in response, the maid ordered his wife to poison the children of Rudolph and Margara. The maid listened to her husband, poisoning the food of the children. This did not work for her, because she moved around the house of this family without barriers, was allowed to the kitchen and food.

The boy died in torment, which continued for a long time, but the girl survived. Some claimed that this was a miracle, some referred to a strong immunity, but it is still not clear how she could survive if the children were fed the same and the poison was for two children. Some sources claim that this is one of the enemies of Rudolf, perhaps, poisoned dinner to kill both children [the source is not indicated day].

The couple divorced the year, after moving back to Holland. Rudolph took away from his wife the right to educate a daughter who died at the age of 21, most likely also from the complications of the syphilis. The dancer was in poverty, Margaret Zele went to earn money for a living in Paris. At first she acted as a circus rider under the name "Lady Sin McC-Leod." With its loud glory begins, like a dancer of the "eastern style", who performed under the pseudonym Mata Hari.

Some of her dances were something close to a modern striptease, then even unusual for the Western viewer: at the end of the number performed in front of a narrow circle of connoisseurs on a stage, strewn with rose petals, the dancer remained almost completely naked in legend, “it was so pleasing to Shiva”.

Mata Hari herself claimed to reproduce the real sacred dances of the East, supposedly familiar to her since childhood, and also mystified the interlocutors with various other fables of a romantic nature. Thus, the dancer claimed that she was an exotic princess or daughter of King Edward VII and the Indian princess, that she has a horse who allows herself to be only her mistress, that she was brought up in the east in the monastery, etc.

At the beginning of the 20th century, during the period of exacerbated interest to the east, to the Ballet of W. Mata Hari was also a successful courtesan and was in connection with a number of high -ranking military, politicians and other influential people in many countries, including France and Germany. Despite the expensive gifts that she received from her lovers, Mata Hari experienced financial difficulties and borrowed many times.

Also, her passion was a card game, which, perhaps, was leaving her money. During the First World War, the Netherlands remained neutral, and, being a Dutch citizen, Margaret Zelele could travel from France to their homeland and back. The countries were divided by the front line, and the Mata Hari road ran through Spain where the German residency and Great Britain was active; Her movements attracted the attention of allied counterintelligence.Apparently, Mata Hari was a German spy long before the war, the exact causes and circumstances of her recruitment are still unknown.

In the French counterintelligence, the first instructions appeared on its involvement in work on Germany. Upon learning of this, Mata Hari herself appeared in the French special services and offered her services to them, accidentally naming, by the way, the name of one of her lovers, well-known to her interlocutors as a German recruiter agent. As a result, the French sent it to Madrid with an insignificant mission at the beginning of the mission, and the spying suspicions were finally confirmed: the radio exchange of the German agent in Madrid was intercepted with the center, where he indicated that the agent H arrived in Spain and received from the German residency to return to Paris, there was a chance that the radio interception was specially declassified by the German side to be specially declared to Get rid of a double agent, betraying it to the enemy.

The arrest and execution of February 13, Mata Hari, immediately upon returning to Paris, was arrested by French intelligence and accused of espionage in favor of the enemy in wartime. The trial of it was arranged at closed doors. She charged the enemy’s transfer to the death of several divisions of the soldiers themselves the materials of the court are still classified, but some information penetrated the seal.

The next day [clarify] the Dutch citizen of Margaret Zele was found guilty and sentenced to death. Before the execution, when Mata Hari was in custody, her lawyer tried to rescue her and remove all the accusations. In the cell where she spent the last days of her life, he invited her to tell the authorities that she was pregnant, thereby delaying her death hour, but Mata Hari refused a lie.

That morning, a guard came after her, asked to dress - the woman was outraged that she would be executed in the morning without feeding her breakfast. While she was preparing for execution, the coffin for her body was already taken to the building. The execution occurred at the military training ground in Vincences on October 15 after the execution, some officer approached her corpse and, for fidelity, made her another shot from a revolver to the back of his head.

The former courtesan and the famous double agent, Mata Hari calmly, without a shadow of excitement, stood at the shooting pillar. Turning to the nun, she kissed her and, taking off her coat from her shoulders, handed her: “Quickly hug me, I will look at you. She also abandoned the black blindfold. Having sent an air kiss to the twelve soldiers to her executioners, the fearless Mata Hari shouted: "I am ready, gentlemen." By order, eleven soldiers fired at Hari Matu, eleven bullets hit her body.

The twelfth soldier, still a young man, only drafted into the service, fainted in unison with the lifeless body of a double agent, the beautiful Mata Hari. Immediately after the execution, her body was taken away, later it was transferred to the anatomical theater [the source is not indicated day]. After the news that the famous dancer was executed as a spy, immediately caused many rumors.

One of them is that she sent an air kiss to her executioners, although it is more likely that she sent an air kiss to her lawyer, who was witnessing the execution and her lover. Also, that her dying words were: “Merci, monsieur” [the source is not indicated day]. Another rumor claims that, in an attempt to distract the executioners, she threw off her coat and presented her naked body to the soldier's eyes; In the year, the article in the journal New Yorkker, however, said that in fact, during the execution, it was wearing “an elegant suit made to order specifically for this case, and a couple of new white gloves”; Although another source indicates that it was wearing the same costume, a blouse with a large neckline and a triang hat that were chosen for her by the prosecutors during the trial and which made up her only clean and full toilet in prison [the source was not indicated day].

The body of Mata Hari was not in demand by none of her relatives, so it was transferred to the anatomical theater. Her head was embalmed and preserved in the Anatomy Museum in Paris. However, in the year, archivists discovered that the head had disappeared; According to experts, the loss could occur in the year when the museum moved [1]. The reports dated to the year show that the museum also received the rest of the remains of Mata Hari, but there are no reports about their exact location.

Assessment of activity most historians believe that the harm from Mata Hari, that is, her effectiveness, as a scout was greatly exaggerated - hardly information that was really obtained for her, was a serious value for a particular side. Lieutenant Colonel of the British and Dutch counterintelligence Orest Pinto believes that “Mata Hari, of course, conquered loud glory. In the eyes of the public, she became the personification of a charming spy woman.

But Mata Hari was a stupid expansive creature. If she had not been executed, she would not have grown a martyr and no one would even hear about her. ”Chernyak focused on the connections of Mata Hari with representatives of the French military and political elite, the danger of publicly whose publicity could affect her death sentence. In culture and art, the role of a great -leading spy, played by it with perfect fearlessness and led to tragic death, has fit into the “cinematic” biography of an exotic dancer and a “fatal woman” that was created by her; This provided Mata Hari much more fame than other, more effective scouts and scouts!

XX century. Already in the year, the film “Mata Hari” with Astoy Nielsen in the title role was shot about her, and later several remakes were released. Leila Vertenbaker. Kuznetsova in the year director Evgeny Ginzburg was set up by the musical “Mata Hari” [3], the main roles in which were played by T. Dolnikova, V. Lanskaya, O. Akulich, E. Vitorgan and singer Alexander Fadeev.

In the year in Moscow, the musical “Love and Spying” began to the music of M. Dunaevsky, staged based on the play by E. Moscow, on the Bolshoi stage of the theater: “The Luna Theater” Artistic Director Sergei Borisovich Prokhanov, the premiere of the play “Mata Hari: the eyes of the day” dir. Popov released the computer game “Secret Mission. Mata Hari and Kaiser submarines.

" Also, the image of Mata Hari is present in a series of books “We, the Gods”, “The Breath of the Gods”, “The Secret of the Gods” of the French writer and philosopher Bernard Verber. Sie Nannte Sich Mata Hari. West-Berlin: Ullstein Verlag,